Publications

• STATE OF THE ART OF TITANIUM-BASED BRAZING FILLER METALS
  by Alexander Shapiro & Anatol Rabinkin
  An overview of new brazing materials demonstrates potential aerospace applications... Read more at: Welding Journal, 2003. Vol. 82(10), pp.36-43.
• Designing high-entropy brazing alloys for joining titanium and refractory metals
  by Alexander E. Shapiro**
  Standard titanium filler metals for vacuum brazing do not satisfy strength and temperature requirements for new applications such as electro-chemical power sources, reactors, or spacecraft devices. Uncontrolled, multiphase microstructures formed in brazed joints made by these filler metal limit optimization of their mechanical properties or corrosion resistance. This paper discusses a design approach to formulate new titanium brazing alloys that may obtain a uniform single- or two-phase microstructure... Read more.
• PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF Cu-BASED SILVER FREE BRAZING FILLER METALS MADE BY RAPID SOLIDIFICATION TECHNIQUE
  by Igor N. Pashkov*, Inna I. Ilina*, & Alexander E. Shapiro**
  Technical and commercial interest in silver-free brazing filler metals (SFBM) is directly related to the fact that they are at least twice cheaper than silver filler metals... Read more.
• SOLDERING SILVER TO ALUMINUM AND COPPER FOR CRYOGENIC APPLICATIONS
  by Leonid A. Shapiro
  Soldering for conditions where thermal cycling is present, e.g., electronics cooling... Read more at...:
  Welding Journal, 2009. Vol. 88(10), pp.43-47.
• HEAT-RESISTANT BRAZING FILLER METALS FOR JOINING TITANIUM ALUMINIDE AND TITANIUM ALLOYS
  Alexander E. Shapiro* & Eugene Y. Ivanov**
  Titanium alloys and titanium aluminides are being considered as key materials for the manufacture of lightweight compressors and turbines in modern aircraft and rocket engines... Read more
• CEMENTED CARBIDES AND CERMETS
  A. E. Shapiro Titanium Brazing, Incorporated D. W. Bucholz Conforma Clad, Incorporated
  The materials commonly known as cemented carbides or hard alloys are actually a wide variety of metal matrix composites in which one or more types of hard carbide... Read more at: AWS BRAZING HANDBOOK, 5th Ed., 2007. Chapter 23. p.410-448.
• GRAPHITE AND CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES
  By Alexander. E. Shapiro Titanium Brazing, Inc.
  In brazing consideration, graphite and carbon-carbon (C/C) composites are somewhat similar to structural ceramics and ceramic-matrix composites. However, although both types of material have high melting points and relatively low coefficients of thermal expansion, structural ceramics are compatible with oxidizing environments, while the carbon-based materials typically begin oxidizing at temperatures ranging from 842°F to 1200°F (450°C to 650°C), depending on the perfection of the carbon structure and its purity... Read more at: AWS BRAZING HANDBOOK, 5th Ed., 2007. Chapter 21. p.381-408.
• DIAMONDS
  By Alexander. E. Shapiro Titanium Brazing, Inc.
  The hardest material known, diamonds find numerous applications in industry, especially in the manufacture of ultrahard abrasives, metal machining tools, and drilling tools for oil and gas wells.... Read more at: AWS BRAZING HANDBOOK, 5th Ed., 2007. Chapter 36. p.624-636.
• BRAZING OF TITANIUM AT TEMPERATURES BELOW 800°C: REVIEW AND PROSPECTIVE APPLICATIONS
  by Alexander E. Shapiro* & Yury A. Flom**
  Brazing temperature of conventional Ti-Cu-Ni and Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni filler metals is usually above the â-transus temperature of titanium base metals that hurts mechanical properties of the base metal. Brazing titanium below the â-transus temperature using the Ag-based and Al-based filler metals of various compositions has been evaluated in the review... Read more
• HEALING OF MAGNESIUM CASTING DEFECTS BY FLUX-FREE SOLDERING WITH ZN-BASED SOLDERS
  by Alexander E. Shapiro & Eugene Y. Ivanov
  Often, magnesium die castings have such defects as local porosity, short-run, pouring defects, pin-holes, cracks, erosion scabs, not-complete formation of thin walls or profile, and others. Magnesium parts are subjected to phosphate pickling immediately after casting to protect against atmospheric corrosion... Read more
• BRAZING MAGNESIUM ALLOYS AND MAGNESIUM MATRIX COMPOSITES
  By Alexander E. Shapiro
  Methods, filler metals, and fluxes suitable for brazing of cast and extruded magnesium-based alloys were developed in the 1960s and 1970s. Since that time, the furnace, torch, and dip brazing processes have been successfully employed without considerable changes... Read more at: Welding Journal, 2005. Vol. 84 (10), p.33-43.
• EXPLORING SOLID-STATE SYNTHESIS OF POWDER FILLER METALS FOR VACUUM BRAZING OF TITANIUM ALLOYS
  By E. Y. Ivanov, A. E. Shapiro, & M. G. Horne
  Titanium brazing filler metals of Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni and Ti-Cu-Ni systems can be successfully manufactured by mechano-chemical synthesis in the solid state... Read more at: Welding Journal, 2006. Vol. 85(9), pp.196-s-199-s.